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- <text id=93TT1777>
- <title>
- May 24, 1993: Reviews:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- May 24, 1993 Kids, Sex & Values
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- REVIEWS
- BOOKS, Page 76
- Cleaning Out The Closets
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By R.Z. SHEPPARD
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>TITLE: Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians In The U.S. Military</l>
- <l>AUTHOR: Randy Shilts</l>
- <l>PUBLISHER: St. Martin's Press; 784 Pages; $27.95</l>
-
- <l>TITLE: Queer In America: Sex, The Media, and The Closets Of Power</l>
-
- <l>AUTHOR: Michelangelo Signorile</l>
- <l>PUBLISHER: Random House; 378 Pages; $23</l>
- </qt>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: Two new books about homosexuality are launched
- into the mainstream. The heavy one floats. The lighter one sinks.
- </p>
- <p> When asked about his homosexuality, W.H. Auden replied that
- he was a poet first and a "queen" second. It was a modest response
- in a less touchy time. Auden was, in fact, a great poet, but
- for all the public knew or cared, he was just an ordinary homosexual
- living and working in a world that, by tacit agreement, did
- not pry into people's sex lives. Even when the media came out
- of the closet--pencils erect and cameras hot--to chase stories
- about the New Libido, homosexuality was still a taboo subject.
- </p>
- <p> AIDS changed all that. TV newsreaders, looking like Barbie or
- Ken, began chirping about condoms and anal sex. The clinical
- message was clear, but the cultural meaning remained foggy.
- Already disoriented by accelerated change, Americans did not
- need another aggrieved minority blaming them for its misfortune.
- </p>
- <p> Randy Shilts may change a few minds. Conduct Unbecoming submerges
- the reader in case histories about humiliation and injustice
- suffered by homosexual men and women in the U.S. armed forces.
- The pattern of abuse is so predictable that Shilts needs to
- break each story into episodes that are then staggered throughout
- the book. The device defers predictability and allows the author
- to insert repeatedly his two main points: first, that homosexuals
- can soldier as well as heterosexuals, and, second, that the
- military has always been more concerned with appearances than
- with reality.
- </p>
- <p> Gays, Shilts notes with confidence, have served well since the
- American Revolution, although his evidence for Baron von Steuben's
- predilections does not support the designation "gay general."
- But even if the baron had ridden sidesaddle into Valley Forge,
- it is unlikely that he would have been turned away. George Washington
- desperately needed his Prussian expertise.
- </p>
- <p> Military necessity is a great leveler. Time and again, Shilts
- documents two facts: homosexuals become less unbecoming in time
- of war when every able body is needed; and harassment, intimidation
- and administrative discharges for gays and lesbians increase
- when the shooting stops. That employment practice was especially
- evident from the late '70s through the '80s, when the draft
- was replaced by volunteerism. On the eve of the Reagan Administration,
- Deputy Secretary of Defense Graham Claytor Jr., once law clerk
- of Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, laid the groundwork
- for the Pentagon's current antigay policy. The essence contained
- in a Joint Chiefs of Staff statement was that "homosexuality
- is incompatible with military service."
- </p>
- <p> Shilts refutes the assertion with some vivid reporting. He digs
- up a long-buried Navy study that found no correlabetween sexual
- behavior and job performance. Winston Churchill's era of "rum,
- sodomy and the lash" has given way to unofficial evenings in
- gay on-board clubs, special newsletters, travel guides and lubricants
- formulated in ships' pharmacies.
- </p>
- <p> Conduct Unbecoming has the heft and urgency of a journalistic
- milestone. But the book's lack of thoughtful underpinning, its
- failure to distinguish between homophobia and the military's
- more practical concerns, threatens to turn it into a doorstop.
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, Shilts' opus will be around much longer than Michelangelo
- Signorile's Queer in America. The deterioration begins in the
- first lines of the introduction. "There exists in America what
- appears to be a brilliantly orchestrated, massive conspiracy
- to keep all homosexuals locked in the closet." Four lines later,
- Signorile's great conspiracy is "a relatively unconscious one,
- ingrained as it is in our culture."
- </p>
- <p> The reader looking for consistency should open a jar of peanut
- butter rather than this screed. But as rancid gossip repackaged
- for national distribution, Queer in America is going to be hard
- to beat. Signorile learned his trade feeding items to New York
- City gossip columnists. He was an innuendo specialist who now
- touts himself as the pioneer of "outing," the distasteful practice
- of publicizing the private lives of homosexuals who do not feel
- the need to advertise what goes on in their bedrooms. By outing
- the famous, Signorile believes he is liberating all homosexuals
- from shame and guilt. He is especially eager to smoke out gays
- and lesbians whose livelihoods, unlike his own, rely on discretion.
- He sees them as hypocrites and lackeys of their oppressors,
- a point made so often that the book begins to resemble a stack
- of bumper stickers.
- </p>
- <p> Like most egotists, Signorile keeps breaking out in rashes of
- infantilism. It gives his writing a reckless charm. It also
- preserves the delusion that he can do nasty things to people
- for their own good.
- </p>
- <p> Despite their differences in temperament and perspective, Shilts
- and Signorile represent a new generation of gay writers. Both
- help replace the campy stereotype with a more direct and challenging
- approach. From now on, the sex is going to be safer than the
- writing.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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